The daily ebb and flow of hormones in the male body may play a role in shrinking the brain throughout the day, a study hints. After losing volume between morning and evening, the brain resets overnight, starting the cycle again.
The new study involved scanning a 26-year-old's brain 40 times in 30 days. Each MRI scan was collected at either 7am or 8pm, which is when levels of steroid hormones-testosterone, cortisol and estradiol-are at their highest and lowest, respectively.
"Males show this 70 per cent decrease from morning to night in steroid hormones," said study co-author Laura Pritschet, who is now a postdoctoral scholar in psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. The degree of change between morning and night narrows with age, but that general pattern persists throughout life.
"You can think of it almost like a pulsating rhythm from morning to night," said Pritschet. Females also experience a daily flux in hormones, but it is not as pronounced, she noted, because the menstrual cycle is simultaneously driving longer-term shifts in hormones.
The study revealed that, throughout the day, the subject's overall brain volume decreased, as did the thickness of the cortex, the brain's outer layer. The volume of grey matter, which contains the cell bodies of neurons and the connections between them, fell by an average of about 0.6 per cent.
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