Yet most of the potential of geothermal energy, created by harnessing heat produced by the earth from underground reservoirs of hot water to power turbines that generate electricity, remains untapped in these countries and across the world â as financial, regulatory and community roadblocks have stalled growth.
More readily available financing and domestic regulatory changes are starting to address these barriers, but experts say more should be done to unlock the vast clean energy source trapped just beneath the Earthâs surface.
Countries with high geothermal potential â such as the United States, Indonesia and the Philippines â are usually located close to tectonically active regions where hot water or steam is naturally carried to the Earthâs surface through volcanic activity, or can be accessed by shallow drilling.
âWeâre essentially standing on our own sun, which we can get clean, reliable energy from,â said Marit Brommer, CEO of the International Geothermal Association based in Germany.
Experts also laud geothermal plants for their ability to operate continuously to meet the minimum level of power demanded around-theclock, unaffected by weather, with long lifespans and minimal maintenance.
As countries shift towards renewable and cleaner energy, geothermal use is expected to grow: In Southeast Asia, geothermal power generation is expected to increase tenfold from 2020 to 2050, reaching 276 million megawatt-hours, according to the International Energy Agency.
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